UNIVERSITY
OF
LIS
2222 Archival Appraisal, Spring 2006
Term
Instructor: Richard J.
Cox
Office
Number/Telephone:
SIS 614;
Office
Hours: Mondays
E-mail:
rcox@mail.sis.pitt.edu or rjcox111@comcast.net
Homepage: http://www2.sis.pitt.edu/~rcox/
Course
Rationale
Archival
appraisal is the most critical task of the archivist. The archivist’s process in
determining continuing value affects all other archival functions, as well as
makes an impact on individual, organizational, and societal memory. Since this
is one of the most important responsibilities of the archivist, anyone intending
to work as an archivist must be knowledgeable about
appraisal.
Archival
appraisal, and the techniques and models that have developed to support this
function, also represents one of the unique contributions of the archivist to
the information professions -- the ability to determine what portion of
information and evidence needs to be saved to document institutions,
communities, society, and the people who make them up. The process
involves not just thinking of historical issues, but also about the value of
records for accountability and evidence.
Course
Goals
The
purposes of this course are to introduce students to the basic theories,
principles, techniques, and methods that archivists use for identifying and
selecting (appraising) information or evidence with continuing or enduring value
and to enable students to compare and contrast archival appraisal to related
activities in other fields, such as library collection management and
development, artifact selection by museum curators, and the analysis of
documentary evidence by historians.
Students
will learn about
§
various
methods archivists use in making appraisal decisions
§
societal,
legal, and organizational aspects affecting the appraising of
records
§
different
opinions held by archivists in conducting appraisal
§
new
and emerging approaches to appraising records
§
how
to evaluate any archives appraisal and acquisition policy and
activities
Course
Outline
The
course is divided into several sections, including:
§
introduction
to the definitions, theories, and principles that support archival appraisal
with discussion about the classic writings on appraisal theory and principles,
the challenges of selecting records that possess continuing or enduring value
and the main debates about the purpose and practice of appraisal (especially the
issue of the ideology of appraisal and the objectivity versus subjectivity of
archival appraisal decisions);
§
review
of the prevalent appraisal practices and methods, from analysis of individual
documents to institutional approaches to multi-institutional, cooperative
efforts to appraise; and
§
case
studies on archival appraisal, including institutional appraisal (government and
college and university), topical areas (science and technology; medicine and
health), the geographic context of appraisal (documenting localities), and the
impact and challenges of recording media on archival appraisal (electronic,
audio-visual, and visual records).
Throughout
the course archival appraisal will be compared to similar functions in other
disciplines as well as other archival functions it impacts within archival
programs. Within each section, one class session is devoted to debates and
controversies involving archival appraisal, an archival function that is not
only the most important but also the most contested archival
process.
Course
Requirements and Grading: Masters Students
Each
student will be expected to complete a lengthy set of readings and to
participate regularly in class discussions. The course will consist of lectures
by the instructor in the first part of each class, followed by a discussion of
the assigned readings and other issues raised by the lectures or of interest to
the students.
A
significant portion of the student's grade will be based on his or her
participation in class; any student not participating in the class discussions
will receive no higher than a "B" for the course. The remaining portion of the
grade will be based upon successful completion of the appraisal project
(described below) by formally declared archives students or a longer paper (also
described below) by the other (non-archives) students taking the
course.
The
final grade will be based on the following:
§
Class
participation and discussion 40%
§
Appraisal
project or Research Paper 60%
All
declared archives students must do the appraisal report assignment. The appraisal report should evaluate the
acquisition or appraisal policy of a
1.
Describe the institution's policy (or practice if it lacks a formal
policy)
2.
Evaluate the institution's policy and practice based on appropriate archival and
records management standards (with citations and
discussion)
3.
Propose ways that the policy and practice could be
strengthened
4.
Propose ways that the "success" of the policy and practice could be measured or
evaluated
Students
should structure this paper according to the four elements listed above. Each
student should visit the institution, interview appropriate staff, and immerse
him or herself in the relevant appraisal literature. A student can evaluate the
policy of an archives or historical manuscripts program in another area of the
country, conducting the relevant interview by telephone and examining appraisal
policy documents provided by the institution. The paper is due on Week 13 (April
17). Students should hand in to the instructor the institution they have
selected by Week 4 (February 6) of the course. The instructor is willing to consider
other research paper topics for students building on papers completed in the
Records and Knowledge Management course (LIS 2220) during the Fall term or
related to particular career objectives held by the
student.
Non-archives
students who are taking this course must complete the research paper
assignment. The research paper
should relate to an in-depth treatment of some aspect of archival appraisal or
the relationship of archival appraisal to other disciplines’ selection
methodologies (such as library collection development). This paper is
intended to enable the student to do in-depth reading and study on a single
aspect of archival appraisal. These papers should provide critical definitions
as needed; review the literature that reflects both key points of this aspect of
archival administration and the development of archival theory on this principle
or function; and evaluate the literature's strengths and weaknesses, including
any conclusions about needs in the profession. Students must show evidence
of having read thoroughly at least twenty articles and, if appropriate, several
monographs or textbooks for this paper; in reality, students will probably need
to scan the professional literature on any given topic far beyond this quantity
of publications in order to identify the most important writings, research, and
theory on the topic. Students should plan on meeting with the instructor to
discuss their paper in order to evaluate their progress; this meeting can be
in-person or via e- mail. This paper is due on Week 13, April
17).
All
masters level students are required to hand in a one to two page statement of
the intended topic of their paper at Week 4 (February 6) for the Instructor's
approval.
Course
Requirements and Grading: Doctoral Students
The
final grade for Doctoral students will be based on the
following:
§
Class
participation and discussion 30%
§
Research
Paper 70%
Doctoral
students taking this course will be required to prepare a paper (25-35 pages) on
some aspect of archival appraisal that interests them, relates to their broader
dissertation research, and that is publishable.
The
research paper should be an in-depth review of a particular issue, technique or
application, or principle that is essential to the archival appraisal function.
Examples of acceptable subjects for this kind of paper include the matter of
objectivity in the appraisal process, the appropriateness of sampling as an
appraisal tool, and the importance of provenance to conducting archival
appraisal. The choice of the topic should have some relevance to the
doctoral student’s own research interests.
Students
may also opt to write a comparative analysis of archival appraisal with some
other library or information science function. Examples of acceptable
subjects for this kind of paper include a comparison of archival appraisal
criteria to library preservation selection criteria and the archival concept of
intrinsic value as compared to evaluation criteria used by material culture
experts.
This
paper is due on Week 13 (April 17). The preparation of an essay of
publishable quality will be the main evaluation criterion by the instructor.
Doctoral students are required to hand in a one to two page statement of the
intended topic of their paper at Week 4 (February 6) for the Instructor's
approval.
Students
should adhere to the latest edition of the Chicago Manual of Style in the
preparation of their papers. Students should acquire, if they do not have
a copy already, the most recent edition of Kate L. Turabian, A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses,
and Dissertations published by the
Students
also should be aware of the School’s Academic Integrity guidelines regarding
this and all other matters concerning grades. These guidelines are
available at http://www2.sis.pitt.edu/sisinfo/sisacint.html.
Course
Requirements and Grading: Class Participation and
Discussion
Class
participation and discussion, as the final grade weighing reflects, are
extremely essential for this course's success and the student's educational
experience:
Each
student will be expected to participate fully and regularly in class discussions
about the readings, session topics, and other matters related to archival
studies.
Each
student will be expected to meet at least once during the course with the
Instructor in order to discuss his or her progress and work on the
assignments.
Students
who do not fully participate in class
discussions will receive no higher than a "B" for this
course.
The
Instructor will take into account the possibility of a larger class size
affecting class participation when considering the grade for the
course.
Course
Requirements and Grading: Incompletes
If
students need to take an incomplete, they must request permission to do so from
the Instructor by Week 13 (April 17). Students, unless there are extremely
adverse or emergency situations, will have until
Course
Requirements: Book Purchases
While
there is a considerable amount of readings, the articles and books provide only an introduction to the complexities
and challenges of conducting archival appraisal. The literature is also intended
to introduce the student to the debates within the archival community about how
appraisal should be carried out. The students can purchase a number of the
texts from any online book dealer.
A small quantity of copies has been secured of the following for sale in
the
Michael
F. Brown, Who Owns Native
Culture? (
Richard
J. Cox, Documenting Localities: A
Practical Model for American Archivists and Manuscripts Curators (Metuchen:
Scarecrow Press, 1996). Also available through the Society of American
Archivists. A small number of
copies are available at the Pitt Bookstore.
Richard
J. Cox, No Innocent Deposits: Forming
Archives by Rethinking Appraisal (
Helen
W. Samuels, Varsity Letters: Documenting
Students
might wish to buy other volumes on Reserve or listed as recommended readings,
but that is up to each individual.
Students
should order the Society of American Archivists publications directly from the
Society (check http://www.archivists.org
for ordering information). These publications include the
following:
Frank
Boles, Selecting & Appraising
Archives & Manuscripts (
Richard
J. Cox, ed., Lester J. Cappon and the
Relationship of History, Archives, and Scholarship in the Golden Age of Archival
Theory (
Clark
A. Elliott, ed., Understanding Progress
as Process: Documentation of the History of Post-War Science and Technology in
the
Joan
K. Haas, Helen W. Samuels, and Barbara T. Simmons, Appraising the Records of Modern Science and
Technology: A Guide (Cambridge: Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
1985).
James
M. O’Toole, ed., The Records of
American Business (Chicago: Society of American Archivists,
1997).
S.
Muller, J.A. Feith, and R. Fruin. Manual for the Arrangement and Description
of Archives (
All
readings will be on Reserve in the SIS Library.
A
Note About the
Students
need to focus on the required readings in each section. The Instructor
will comment on the list of readings designated as recommended, but the student
is not expected to read these (unless they may be of value in their writing
assignment).
Course
Schedule
INTRODUCTION
Session
1 (January 9, 2006)
Lecture:
“The Evolving Nature of Archival Appraisal: A Framework for the
Course”
Recommended
Richard
J. Cox, No Innocent Deposits: Forming
Archives by Rethinking Appraisal (
DEFINITIONS,
THEORIES, AND PRINCIPLES
Session
2 (January 23, 2006)
Lecture:
“The Place of Appraisal in Archival Administration, the Information Professions,
and Society”
Required
Nancy
E. Peace, "Deciding What to Save: Fifty Years of Theory and Practice," in Archival Choices: Managing the Historical
Record in an Age of Abundance, ed. Nancy E. Peace (Lexington: D.C. Heath,
1984), pp. 1-18.
Maynard
J. Brichford, Archives & Manuscripts:
Appraisal & Accessioning (Chicago: Society of American Archivists,
1977). A copy is on Reserve.
Peruse.
F.
Gerald Ham, Selecting and Appraising
Archives and Manuscripts (Chicago: Society of American Archivists,
1992). A copy is on Reserve. Peruse.
Frank
Boles, Selecting & Appraising
Archives & Manuscripts (
Terry
Cook, "Mind Over Matter: Towards A New Theory of Archival Appraisal," in Barbara
L. Craig, ed., The Archival Imagination:
Essays in Honour of Hugh A. Taylor (Ottawa: Association of Canadian
Archivists, 1992), pp. 38-70.
Recommended
John
Seely Brown and Paul Duguid, "The Social Life of Documents," First Monday, available
at
http://www.firstmonday.dk/issues/issue1/documents/index.html.
Terry
Cook and Gordon Dodds, eds., Imagining
Archives: Essays and Reflections by Hugh Taylor (
Terry
Cook, "What is Past is Prologue: A History of Archival Ideas Since 1898, and the
Future Paradigm Shift," Archivaria 43
(Spring 1997): 17-63.
Richard
J. Cox and Helen W. Samuels, "The Archivists' First Responsibility: A Research
Agenda for the Identification and Retention of Records of Enduring Value," American Archivist 51 (Winter/Spring
1988): 28-42.
Terry
Eastwood, "Toward a Social Theory of Appraisal," in Barbara L. Craig, ed., The Archival Imagination: Essays in Honour
of Hugh A. Taylor (Ottawa: Association of Canadian Archivists, 1992), pp.
71-89.
Margaret
Hedstrom, "New Appraisal Techniques: The Effect of Theory on Practice," Provenance 7 (Fall 1989):
1-21.
Michael
Piggott, “ Appraisal: The State of the Art,” Paper delivered at a professional
development workshop presented by ASA South Australia Branch 26 March 2001,
available at http://www.archivists.org.au/sem/misc/piggott.html.
Session
3 (January 30, 2006)
Lecture:
“The Historic Foundations of Archival Appraisal Theory and
Practice”
Required
S.
Muller, J.A. Feith, and R. Fruin. Manual for the Arrangement and Description
of Archives (New York: H.W. Wilson, 1968), chapter one. Students
should acquire a copy of this Manual for
the Arrangement and Description of Archives with new introductions by Peter Horsman,
Eric Ketelaar, Theo Thomassen and Marjorie Barritt published by the Society of
American Archivists in 2003.
Sir
Hilary Jenkinson, A Manual of Archive
Administration, rev. 2nd ed. (London: Percy Lund, Humphries & Co., Ltd.,
1966), pp. 136-55.
T.
R. Schellenberg, "The Appraisal of Modern Public Records," National
Archives Bulletin 8 (Washington:
National Archives and Records Service, 1956). You can read this online at
the
Barbara
Craig, Archival Appraisal: Theory and
Practice (Munchen: K. G. Saur, 2004), chapters one and four. On Reserve.
Recommended
Leonard
Boyle, "Diplomatics," in James M. Powell, ed., Medieval Studies: An Introduction, 2nd
ed. (Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1992), pp.
82-113.
Leslie
W. Dunlap, American Historical
Societies 1790-1860 (Madison, Wisconsin: Privately Printed,
1944).
H.
G. Jones, For History’s Sake: The
Preservation and Publication of
George
H. Callcott, History in the
Kevin
M. Guthrie, The New-York Historical
Society: Lessons from One Nonprofit’s Long Struggle for Survival (San
Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers, 1996).
Jed
I. Bergman in collaboration with William G. Bowen and Thomas I. Nygren, Managing Change in the Nonprofit Sector:
Lessons from the Evolution of Five Independent Research Libraries (San
Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers, 1996).
H.
G. Jones, ed., Historical Consciousness
in the Early Republic: The Origins of State Historical Societies, Museums, and
Collections, 1791-1861 (Chapel Hill: North Caroliniana Society, Inc. and
North Carolina Collection, 1995)
David
D. Van Tassel, Recording
Louis
Leonard Tucker, Clio’s Consort: Jeremy
Belknap and the Founding of the Massachusetts Historical Society (Boston:
Massachusetts Historical Society, 1990).
Ole
Kolsrud, "The Evolution of Basic Appraisal Principles -Some Comparative
Observations," American Archivist 55
(Winter 1992): 26-39.
Walter
Muir Whitehill, Independent Historical
Societies: An Enquiry Into Their Research and Publication Functions and Their
Financial Future (Boston: Boston Athenaeum, 1962).
Eilean
Hooper-Greenhill, Museums and the Shaping
of Knowledge (New York: Routledge, 1992).
Susan
M. Pearce, Museums, Objects, and
Collections: A Cultural Study (Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Press,
1993).
Gary Nash,
Sally
F. Griffith, Serving History in a
Changing World: The Historical Society of
Session
4 (February 6, 2006)
Lecture:
“The Problem of Historical Knowledge and Documenting the
Past”
Required
Daniel
Boorstin, "A Wrestler with the Angel," in Hidden History (New York, 1988), pp.
3-23.
Kenneth
E. Foote, "To Remember and Forget: Archives, Memory, and Culture," American Archivist 53 (Summer 1990):
378-92.
Hans
Booms, "Society and the Formation of a Documentary Heritage," Archivaria 24 (Summer 1987):
69-107.
Elisabeth
Kaplan, “We Are What We Collect, We Collect What We Are: Archives and the
Construction of Identity,” American
Archivist 63 (Spring/Summer 2000): 126-151.
F.
Gerald Ham, "The Archival Edge," American
Archivist 38 (January 1975): 5-13.
Richard
J. Cox, "Archival Anchorites: Building Public Memory in the Era of the Culture
Wars,” Multicultural Review 7
(June 1998): 52-60.
Barbara
Craig, Archival Appraisal: Theory and
Practice (Munchen: K. G. Saur, 2004), chapters three and
five.
Recommended
Joyce
Appleby, Lynn Hunt, Margaret Jacob, "Truth and Objectivity," in Telling the Truth About History (New
York: W.W. Norton & Co., 1994), pp. 241-270.
Gary
B. Nash, Charlotte Crabtree, and Ross E. Dunn, History on Trial: Culture Wars and the
Teaching of the Past (New York: Alfred B. Knopf, 1997)
Peter
N. Stearns, Meaning Over Memory:
Recasting the Teaching of Culture and History (Chapel Hill: University of
North Carolina Press, 1993).
Hans
Booms, "Uberlieferungsbildung: Keeping Archives as a Social and Political
Activity," Archivaria 33 (Winter
1991-92): 25-33.
Carlo
Ginsburg, "Checking the Evidence: The Judge and the Historian," Critical Inquiry 18 (Autumn 1991):
79-92.
F.
Gerald Ham, "Archival Strategies for the Post-Custodial Era," American Archivist 44 (Summer 1981):
207-16.
F.
Gerald Ham, "Archival Choices: Managing the Historical Record in an Age of
Abundance," in Archival Choices: Managing
the Historical Record in an Age of Abundance, ed. Nancy E. Peace (Lexington:
D.C. Heath, 1984), pp. 133-147.
David
Lowenthal, The Past Is A Foreign
Country (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985). Read
selectively.
William
Rathje and Cullen Murphy, Rubbish? The
Archaelogy of Garbage (New York: Harper Collins,
1992).
Roy
Rosenzweig and David Thelen, The Presence
of the Past: Popular Uses of History in American Life (New York: Columbia
University Press, 1998).
REMINDER:
DESCRIPTION OF ARCHIVAL PROGRAM TO BE EVALUATED or TOPIC FOR RESEARCH PAPER IS
DUE TO BE HANDED IN AT THIS CLASS (February 6, 2006).
Session
5 (February 13, 2006)
Lecture:
“What Do We Appraise For? Archivists Debate Among Themselves about the Goal of
Appraisal
Required
Luciana
Duranti, "The Concept of Appraisal and Archival Theory," American Archivist 57 (Spring 1994):
328-344 and Frank Boles and Mark A. Greene, "Et Tu Schellenberg? Thoughts on the
Dagger of American Appraisal Theory," American Archivist 59 (Summer 1996):
298-310.
Leonard
Rapport, “No Grandfather Clause: Reappraising Accessioned Records,” American Archivist 44 (Spring 1981):
143-150 and Karen Benedict, “Invitation to a Bonfire: Reappraisal and
Deaccessioning of Records as Collection Management Tools in an Archives – A
Reply to Leonard Rapport,” American
Archivist 47 (Winter 1984): 43-49.
Terry
Cook, “’Another Brick in the Wall’: Terry Eastwood’s Masonry and Archival Walls,
History and Archival Appraisal,” Archivaria 37 (Spring 1994): 96-103 and
Terry Eastwood, "Nailing a Little Jelly to the Wall of Archival Studies," Archivaria 35 (Spring 1993):
232-252.
Boles,
Selecting & Appraising Archives &
Manuscripts, review chapter 2.
Recommended
D.
Laberge, "Information, Knowledge, and Rights: The Preservation of Archives as a
Political and Social Issue," Archivaria 25 (Winter 1987-88):
44-49.
James
M. O'Toole, "On the Idea of Permanence," American Archivist 52 (Winter 1989):
10-25.
James
M. O'Toole, "The Symbolic Significance of Archives," American Archivist 56 (Spring 1993):
234-255.
Mark Greene, “The Power of Meaning: The
Archival
ARCHIVAL
APPRAISAL METHODS AND PRACTICES
Session
6 (February 20,
2006)
Archival Appraisal Methods and Practices: Item and Collection Approaches; Collection Policies and Institutional Archives
Lecture:
“Constructing and Deconstructing Archival Appraisal
Policies”
Required
Intrinsic
Value in Archival Material,
NARS Staff Information Paper 21 (Washington, DC: National Archives and Records
Service, 1982). You can read this at http://www.archives.gov/research/alic/reference/archives-resources/archival-material-intrinsic-value.html
Terry
Cook, "Many are called but few are chosen: Appraisal Guidelines for Sampling and
Selecting Case Files," Archivaria 32
(Summer 1991): 25-50. You also can read Terry Cook, The Archival Appraisal
of Records Containing Personal Information: A RAMP Study with Guidelines,
PGI-91/WS/3 (Paris: UNESCO, April 1991), available at http://www.unesco.org/webworld/ramp/html/r9103e/r9103e00.htm#Contents.
David
Klaassen, "The Provenance of Social Work Case Records: Implications for Archival
Appraisal and Access," Provenance 1
(Spring 1983): 5-26.
Frank
Boles and Julia Marks Young, "Exploring the Black Box: The Appraisal of
University Administrative Records," American Archivist 48 (Spring 1985):
121-40.
Judith
E. Endelman, "Looking Backward to Plan for the Future: Collection Analysis for
Manuscript Repositories," American
Archivist 50 (Summer 1987): 340-55. See also Christine Weideman, "A
New Map for Field Work: Impact of Collections Analysis on the Bentley Historical
Library," American Archivist 54
(Winter 1991): 54-60.
Faye
Phillips, "Developing Collecting Policies for Manuscript Collections," American Archivist 47 (Winter 1984):
30-42.
Timothy
L. Ericson, "At the 'rim of creative dissatisfaction': Archivists and
Acquisition Development," Archivaria
33 (Winter 1991-92): 66-77.
JoAnne
Yates, "Internal Communication Systems in American Business Structures: A
Framework to Aid Appraisal," American
Archivist 48 (Spring 1985): 141-58.
Boles,
Selecting & Appraising Archives &
Manuscripts, chapter three.
Craig,
Archival Appraisal, chapters five and
six.
Recommended
Frank
Boles, "Sampling in Archives," American
Archivist 44 (Spring 1981): 125-30.
Frank
Boles, Archival Appraisal (New York:
Neal-Schuman Publishers, Inc., 1991).
Margery
N. Sly, "Sampling in an Archival Framework: Mathoms and Manuscripts," Provenance 5 (Spring 1987):
55-75.
Evelyn
Kolish, "Sampling Methodology and its Application: An Illustration of the
Tension Between Theory and Practice," Archivaria 38 (Fall 1994):
61-73.
Lauren
R. Brown, "Present at the Tenth Hour: Appraising and Accessioning the Papers of
Congresswoman Marjorie S. Holt," Rare
Books & Manuscripts Librarianship (1988): 95-102.
Patricia
Aronsson, "Appraisal of Twentieth-Century Congressional Collections," in Archival Choices: Managing the Historical
Record in an Age of Abundance, ed. Nancy E. Peace (Lexington: D.C. Heath,
1984), pp. 81-104.
Richard
W. Hite and Daniel J. Linke, "A Statistical Summary of Appraisal During
Processing: A Case Study with Manuscript Collections," Archival Issues 17, no. 1 (1992):
23-29.
Francis
X. Blouin, "A New Perspective on the Appraisal of Business Records: A Review,"
American Archivist 42 (Fall 1979):
312-20.
Michael
Lutzker, "Max Weber and the Analysis of Modern Bureaucratic Organizations: Notes
Toward a Theory of Appraisal," American
Archivist 45 (Spring 1982): 119-30.
Sheila
Powell, "Archival Reappraisal: The Immigration Case Files," Archivaria 33 (Winter 1991-92):
104-116.
Session
7 (February 27,
2006)
Archival Appraisal Methods and Practices: Cooperative and Multi-institutional; Macro-Appraisal
Lecture:
“The
Required
Richard
J. Cox, "The Documentation Strategy and Archival Appraisal Principles: A
Different Perspective," Archivaria 38
(Fall 1994): 11-36.
Helen
W. Samuels, "Who Controls the Past," American Archivist 49 (Spring 1986):
109-24.
Larry
J. Hackman and Joan Warnow-Blewett, "The Documentation Strategy Process: A Model
and A Case Study," American Archivist
50 (Winter 1987): 12-47.
Terry
Cook, “Appraisal Methodology: Macro-Appraisal and Functional Analysis; Part A:
Concepts and Theory,” National Archives of Canada, October 2001, available at http://www.archives.ca/06/061101_e.html
Terry
Cook, “Appraisal Methodology: Macro-Appraisal and Functional Analysis; Part B:
Guidelines for Performing an Archival Appraisal on Government Records,” National
Archives of Canada, October 2001, available at http://www.archives.ca/06/061102_e.html
Adrian
Cunningham, “From Here to Eternity: Collecting Archives and the Need for a
National Documentation Strategy,” LASIE 29 (March 1998): 32-45.
Students can get a full text pdf file of this essay by going to http://www.sl.nsw.gov.au/lasie/welcome.htm
and following the links to the March 1998 issue.
Catherine
Bailey, “From the Top Down: The Practice of Macro-Appraisal,” Archivaria 43 (Spring 1997):
89-128.
Richard
Brown, “Macro-Appraisal Theory and the Context of the Public Records Creator,”
Archivaria 40 (Fall 1995):
121-172.
Boles,
Selecting & Appraising Archives &
Manuscripts, chapters four and five
Recommended
Andrea
Hinding, "Toward Documentation: New Collecting Strategies in the 1980s," in Options for the 80s: Proceedings of the
Second National Conference of the Association of College and Research
Libraries, eds. Michael D Kathman and Virgil F. Massman (Greenwich,
Connecticut: JAI Press, 1981), pp. 531-38.
Philip
Alexander and Helen W. Samuels, "The Roots of 128: A Hypothetical Documentation
Strategy," American Archivist 50
(Fall 1987): 518-31.
Terry
Cook, "Documentation Strategy," Archivaria 34 (Summer 1992):
181-91.
James
E. Fogerty, "Manuscript Collecting in Archival Networks," Midwestern Archivist 6, no. 2 (1982):
130-41.
Max
J. Evans, "The Visible Hand: Creating a Practical Mechanism for Cooperative
Appraisal," Midwestern Archivist 11,
no. 1 (1986): 7-13.
David
J. Klaassen, "The Archival Intersection: Cooperation Between Collecting
Repositories and Nonprofit Organizations," Midwestern Archivist 15, no. 1 (1990):
25-38.
Thomas
J. Ruller, "Dissimilar Appraisal Documentations as an Impediment to Sharing
Appraisal Data: A Survey of Appraisal Documentation in Government Archival
Repositories," Archival Issues 17,
no. 1 (1992): 65-73.
Helen
W. Samuels, "Improving Our Disposition: Documentation Strategy," Archivaria 33 (Winter 1991-92):
125-40.
Richard
Brown, “Records Acquisition Strategy and Its Theoretical Foundation: The Case
for a Concept of Archival Hermeneutics,” Archivaria 33 (Winter
1991-92):34-56.
Jim
Suderman, "Appraising Records of the Expenditure Management Function: An
Exercise in Functional Analysis," Archivaria 43 (Spring 1997):
129-142.
SPRING
RECESS. No Classes March 6-10, 2006
Session 8
(March 13, 2006)
Lecture:
“Putting Theory into Practice: The Practical Uses and Controversies of the
Documentation Strategy Model”
Required
Richard
J. Cox, "The Archival Documentation Strategy: A Brief Intellectual History,
1984-1994 and Practical Description," Janus no. 2 (1995): 76-93 is
incorporated into chapter five of Cox, Closing an Era: Historical Perspectives on
Modern Archives and Records Management (
Terry
Abraham, "Collection Policy or Documentation Strategy: Theory and Practice," American Archivist 54 (Winter 1991):
44-52.
Terry
Abraham, "Documentation Strategies: A Decade (or More) Later," paper presented
at the Society of American Archivists, Washington, DC, August 31, 1995,
available at http://www.uidaho.edu/special-collections/papers/docstr10.htm.
Frank
Boles, "Mix Two Parts Interest to One Part Information and Appraise Until Done:
Understanding Contemporary Record Selection Processes," American Archivist 50 (Summer 1987):
356-68.
Richard
J. Cox, "A Documentation Strategy Case Study:
Timothy
L. Ericson, A. “’To Approximate June Pasture’: The Documentation Strategy in the
Real World,” Archival Issues 22, no.
1 (1997): 5-20.
Jennifer
A. Marshall, "Documentation Strategies in the Twenty-First Century?: Rethinking
Institutional Priorities and Professional Limitations," Archival Issues 23, no. 1 (1998):
59-74.
Review
relevant discussion of the documentation strategy concept in the Boles and Craig
books.
Session
9 (March 20, 2006)
Lecture:
“Is Collecting Appraisal? Is Appraisal
Collecting?”
Required
Carolyn
Heald, “Are We Collecting the ‘Right Stuff’?” Archivaria 40 (Fall 1995):
182-188.
Lester
J. Cappon, “Walter R. Benjamin and the Autograph Trade at the Turn of the
Century,” Proceedings of the
Massachusetts Historical Society 78 (January-December 1966): 20-37 or see
pp. 63-75 in Richard J. Cox, ed., Lester
J. Cappon and the Relationship of History, Archives, and Scholarship in the
Golden Age of Archival Theory (Chicago: Society of American Archivists,
2004).
Thomas
Wilsted, “Observations on the Ethics of Collecting Archives and Manuscripts,” Provenance 11 (1993):
25-38.
Lester
J. Cappon, "The Archivist as Collector," American Archivist 39 (October 1976):
429-435 or see pp. 76-83 in Richard J. Cox, ed., Lester J. Cappon and the Relationship of
History, Archives, and Scholarship in the Golden Age of Archival Theory
(Chicago: Society of American Archivists, 2004).
Mark
Greene, “'The Surest Proof': A Utilitarian Approach to Appraisal,” Archivaria 45 (Spring 1998):
127-169.
Molly
McCarthy, “Consuming History?” Common-Place 1 (January 2001), available
at http://www.common-place.org/vol-01/no-02/ebay/.
Adrian
Cunningham, “Collecting Archives in the Next Millennium,” paper presented to the
Australian Society of Archivists annual conference,
Bill
Brown, “The Collecting Mania,”
Recommended
Nicholas
A. Basbanes, A Gentle Madness:
Bibliophiles, Bibliomanes, and the Eternal Passion for Books (New York:
Henry Holt and Co., 1995).
Russell
W. Belk, Collecting in a Consumer
Society (New York: Routledge, 1995).
Edmund
Berkeley, Jr., editor, Herbert E. Klingelhofer and Kenneth W. Rendell,
co-editors ; sponsored by the Manuscript Society, Autographs and Manuscripts: A Collector's
Manual (New York: Scribner, 1978).
Mary
A. Benjamin, Autographs : A Key to
Collecting (New York : Walter R. Benjamin Autographs,
1966).
Charles
Hamilton, Collecting Autographs and
Manuscripts , rev. ed. (Santa Monica, Calif.: Modoc,
1993).
Kenneth
W. Rendell, History Comes to Life:
Collecting Historical Letters and Documents (Norman: University of Oklahoma
Press, 1995).
Pat
Bozeman, Forged Documents: Proceedings of
the 1989
Anthony
Grafton, Forgers and Critics: Creativity
and Duplicity in Western Scholarship (Princeton: Princeton University Press,
1990).
Charles
Hamilton, Great Forgers and Famous Fakes:
The Manuscript Forgers of
Robert
Harris, Selling Hitler (New York:
Penguin Books, 1986).
Steven
Naifeh and Gregory White Smith, The
Mormon Murders: A True Story of Greed, Forgery, Deceit, and Death (New York:
New American Library, 1988).
Leah Dilworth, ed., Acts of Possession: Collecting in
Philipp Blom, To Have and to Hold: An Intimate History of
Collectors and Collecting (
Werner
Muensterberger, Collecting: An Unruly
Passion; Psychological Perspectives (Princeton: Princeton University Press,
1994).
APPRAISAL
CASE STUDIES
Session
10 (March 27, 2006)
Lecture:
“Shaking the Foundations: Challenging Traditional Appraisal in Big Government
and Science”
Required
Clark
A. Elliott, ed., Understanding Progress
as Process: Documentation of the History of Post-War Science and Technology in
the
Joan
K. Haas, Helen W. Samuels, and Barbara T. Simmons, Appraising the Records of Modern Science and
Technology: A Guide (Cambridge: Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
1985).
Edward
F. Barrese, "Adequacy of Documentation in the Federal Government," Information Management Review 5 (Spring
1990): 53-58.
David
Levine, "The Appraisal Policy of the
Susan
D. Steinwall, "Appraisal and the FBI Files Case: For Whom Do Archivists Retain
Records?" American Archivist 49
(Winter 1986): 52-63.
Elizabeth
Lockwood, "'Imponderable Matters:' The Influence of New Trends in History on
Appraisal at the National Archives," American Archivist 53 (Summer 1990):
394-405.
Marie
B. Allen, "Intergovernmental Records in the
Christopher
P. Bickford, “Public Records and the Private Historical Society: A
Bryan
Corbett and Eldon Frost, "The Acquisition of Federal Government Records: A
Report on Records Management and Archival Practice," Archivaria 17 (Winter 1983-84):
201-232.
Recommended
Bruce
H Bruemmer and Sheldon Hochheiser, The
High-Technology Company: A Historical Research and Archival Guide
(Minneapolis: Charles Babbage Institute, Center for the History of Information
Processing, University of Minnesota, 1989).
Bruce
V. Lewenstein, "Preserving Data About the Knowledge Creation Process: Developing
an Archive on the Cold Fusion Controversy," Knowledge: Creation, Diffusion,
Utilization 13 (September 1991): 79-86.
Richard
J. Cox, "Government Publications as Archives: A Case for Cooperation Between
Archivists and Librarians," Journal of
Library Administration 7 (Summer/Fall 1986): 111-28.
Karen
Paul, The Documentation of Congress
(Washington, D.C.: United States Senate Historical Office,
1993).
Joan
D. Krizack, ed., Documentation Planning
for the
Session
11 (April 3, 2006)
Archival Appraisal Case Studies: Local Community, Colleges and Universities, Architectural Records
Lecture:
“Sex, Parking Lots, and Knowledge: Has Academic Archives Appraisal Been
Successful?”
Required
Richard
J. Cox, Documenting Localities: A
Practical Model for American Archivists and Manuscripts Curators (Metuchen:
Scarecrow Press, 1996).
Helen
W. Samuels, Varsity Letters: Documenting
Helen
W. Samuels, “Drinking from the Fire Hose: Documenting Education at MIT,” Archives and Manuscripts 25 (May 1997):
36-49.
Alan
K. Lathrop, "Appraisal of Architectural Records in Practice: The Northwest
Architectural Archives," American
Archivist 59, no. 2 (Spring 1996): 222-227.
Tawny
Ryan Nelb, "Architectural Records Appraisal: Discussion of Problems and
Strategies for the Documenting
Nancy
Carlson Shrock, "Images of
Recommended
James
Howard Kunstler, The Geography of
Nowhere: The Rise and Decline of
David
E. Kyvig and Myron A. Marty, Nearby
History: Exploring the Past Around You (Nashville: American Association for
State and Local History, 1982).
John
D. Dorst, The Written Suburb: An American
Site, An Ethnographic Dilemma (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania
Press, 1989).
Kevin
Lynch, What Time Is This Place?
(Cambridge: MIT Press, 1972).
William
Maher, The Management of College and
University Archives (Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press,
1992).
Neil
Harris, Building Lives: Constructing Rites and
Passages (New Haven:
Yale University Press, 1999).
Session
12 (April 10,
2006)
Archival Appraisal Case Studies: Electronic Records, Special Media, and Corporate Records
Lecture:
“Are We Really Appraising Electronic Records, and Does Anybody
Care?”
Required
David
Bearman, "The Implications of Armstrong v. Executive Office of the President for
the Archival Management of Electronic Records," American Archivist 56 (Fall 1993):
674-689.
Philip
G. Schrag, "Working Papers as Federal Records: The Need for New Legislation to
Preserve the History of National Policy," Administrative Law Review 46 (Spring
1994): 95-140.
James
M. O’Toole, ed., The Records of American
Business (Chicago: Society of American Archivists, 1997). Particular chapters will be assigned.
Adrian
Cunningham, ”Beyond the Pale? The 'Flinty' Relationship between Archivists Who
Collect the Private Records of Individuals and the Rest of the Archival
Profession,” Archives and Manuscripts
24 (May 1996): 20-26.
Richard J. Cox,
"The Record in the Manuscript Collection," Archives and Manuscripts 24 (May 1996):
46-61.
Dan
Zelenyj, “Archivy Ad Portas: The
Archives-Records Management Paradigm Re-visited in the Electronic Information
Age,” Archivaria 47 (Spring 1999):
66-84.
Roy
Rosenzweig, “Scarcity or Abundance? Preserving the Past in a Digital Era,” American Historical Review 108, no. 3
(2003): 735-762.
Harold
E. Thiele, Jr., “Appraisal, Provenance, and the Computer Revolution: An
Examination of Organizational Records in the Electronic Age ,” Katharine Sharp Review No. 6 (Winter
1998), available at http://www.lis.uiuc.edu/review/6/thiele.html
Recommended
Margaret
Hedstrom, Archives & Manuscripts:
Machine-Readable Records (Chicago: Society of American Archivists,
1984).
Margaret
Hedstrom and Alan Kowlowitz, "Meeting the Challenges of Machine-Readable
Records: A State Archives Perspective," Reference Services Review 16, nos. 1-2
(1988): 31-40.
John
Mallinson, "Preserving Machine-Readable Records for the Millenia," Archivaria 22 (Summer 1986):
147-55.
Charles
Dollar, "Appraising Machine-Readable Records," American Archivist 41 (October 1978):
423-30.
Ross
J. Cameron, "Appraisal Strategies for Machine-Readable Case Files," Provenance 1 (Spring 1983):
49-55.
Alan
Kowlowitz, Archival Appraisal of Online
Information Systems, Part 2 of Archives and Museum Informatics 2 (Fall
1988).
Harold
Naugler, The Archival Appraisal of
Machine-Readable Records: A RAMP Study With Guidelines (Paris: UNESCO,
1984).
Michael
E. Holland, "Adding Electronic Records to the Archival Menagerie: Appraisal
Concerns and Cautions," Provenance 8
(Spring 1990): 27-44.
Cilla
Ballard and Rodney Teakle, "Seizing the Light: The Appraisal of Photographs," Archives and Manuscripts 19 (May 1991):
43-49.
Rosemary
Bergeron, "The Selection of Television Productions for Archival Preservation,"
Archivaria 23 (Winter 1986-87):
41-53.
Sam
Kula, The Archival Appraisal of Moving
Images: A RAMP Study with Guidelines (Paris: UNESCO,
1983).
W.
H. Leary, The Archival Appraisal of
Photographs: A RAMP Study with Guidelines (Paris: UNESCO,
1985).
APPRAISAL
ASSESSMENTS and RESEARCH PAPERS DUE
Session
13 (April 17, 2006)
Lecture:
“Who Owns Culture? Archival
Appraisal and Everybody Else’s Business”
Required
Michael
F. Brown, Who Owns Native
Culture? (
Recommended
Karen
M. Lamoree, “Documenting the Difficult or Collecting the Controversial,” Archival Issues 20, no. 2 (1995):
149-154.
Frank
Boles, “’Just a bunch of Bigots’: A Case Study in the Acquisition of
Controversial Material,” Archival
Issues 19, no. 1 (1994): 53-65
Pam
Hackbart-Dean, “A Hint of Scandal: Problems in Acquiring the Papers of Senator
Herman E. Talmadge – A Case Study,” Provenance 13 (1995):
65-80.
Kaplan,
Diane E. "The
Session
14 (April 24, 2006)
Course
Conclusion and Discussion of Student Papers
Course
Policies
Academic
Integrity:
Students
in this course will be expected to comply with the
Disabilities:
If
you have a disability that requires special testing accommodations or other
classroom modifications, you need to notify both the instructor and the
Disability Resources and Services no later than the 2nd week of the term. You
may be asked to provide documentation of your disability to determine the
appropriateness of accommodations. To notify Disability Resources and Services,
call